1. Define LAN local area network 2. Define "signal" as it applies to data communications. A signal is a voltage carried across a cable. 3. Broadband signal transmission is used more frequently than baseband signal transmission in LAN environments. (T/F, circle correct answer) TRUE FALSE ^^^^^ 4. Explain the difference between baseband and broadband transmissions. Baseband uses discrete values by measuring a voltage on a wire. Only one signal may be transmitted at a time. Only one channel of communication can be carried by that signal. Broadband transmissions can carry a range of values equal to the bandwidth available. One common encoding scheme is FDM (frequency division multiplexing). Broadband transmissions can carry multiple channels of communication with one signal. 5. Explain the difference between analog and digital signals. Analog signals carry values at the extremes of their frequencies (top and bottom of the sine wave) and at every value in between. A digital signal has discrete values associated with it, lacking the in-between values. For this reason, analog signals can carry more information in the same interval. 6. UTP is a kind of what? cable (wire) 7. What does UTP stand for? unshielded twisted pair 8. Another name for thinnet is what? 10Base-2 9. What is a NIC? network interface card, network information center 10. Name three forms of network connection media. copper cables: utp, stp, coaxial fiber optic cables wireless: infrared, laser, microwave, radio 11. What is the definition of a network protocol? a set of rules which define a "language" with which computers can communicate across a network 12. What are layers of abstraction? A layer is a protocol which uses the services of the layer below and provides services to the layer above. In this way, a layer is isolated from all layers to which it is not directly connected and thus will not suffer if those other layers are altered. Typically, low-level layers interact with hardware components and upper-level layers interact with humans. Although additional layering makes changes much easier to implement, performance does suffer as a result. 13. What is ISO? International Organization for Standardization 14. What does OSI stand for? Open Systems Interconnection 15. How many layers are there in the ISO reference model? 7 16. Why are there that many layers in the reference model? (there were 7 committees working on the model) 17. Name the layers of the ISO reference model. physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, application 18. Which layer describes how to represent the start and end of a transmission? physical 19. Describe the difference between connectionless and connection-oriented data connections. Connection-oriented connections include some sort of setup at the beginning of data exchange and usually include some sort of tear down at the end. In this way, the data transmission can be checked for errors and some form of error recovery can be attempted. A connectionless data transmission has no such overhead. As a result, connectionless transmissions don't try to guarantee delivery. 20. What layer of service splits data into frames? data link 21. What is the lowest layer of the ISO reference model which sees "end-to-end" connectivity? transport 22. Describe the difference between circuit switched and packet switched networks. A circuit switched network establishes physical connections between all intermediate nodes and sends all packets through those connections. A packet switched network does not establish connections first, but instead sends packets (datagrams) through any available route. In this way, datagrams can be sent along multiple routes to the same destination. 23. What is the lowest layer of the ISO reference model in which a node is identified with a unified address scheme? network 24. What is the lowest layer of the ISO reference model in which a particular process on a node is addressed? transport 25. What is the lowest layer of the ISO reference model in which a protocol deals with data buffering? transport 26. Describe the difference between multiplexing and parallelization. Multiplexing involves sending multiple transmissions through the same channel, while parallelization involves splitting one transmission across several channels. 27. What ISO reference model layer describes data representation? session 28. Name three standards for data representation. EBCDIC, ASCII, ASN.1 29. What protocol did Novell Netware popularize and use (almost exclusively)? ipx/spx 30. What is the protocol stack used by Apple Macintosh's called? Appletalk 31. What is the most common protocol stack employed on UNIX systems? tcp/ip 32. What does NOS stand for? network operating system 33. What does IEEE specification 802.5 describe? Token Ring standard 34. What does CSMA/CD stand for? carrier sense multiple access with collision detection 35. HDLC, LAPB, SLIP, X.25, SDLC, PPP, and frame relay are examples of what ISO reference model layer protocols? data link 36. Novell Netware is best described as a what? OS CSMA/CD MIB NOS ^^^^^ 37. An FTP session transfers 100MB of data in 67 minutes for an average transfer rate of ~25KB/sec. This is a measure of what? throughput bandwidth interference capacitance ^^^^^^^^^^ 38. A DNS lookup is an example of what kind of relationship? peer-to-peer master-slave client-server connection-oriented ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 39. Which of the following is not a kind of LAN technology? ethernet PBX token-ring XNS ^^^^^ 40. Which is usually bigger? MAN LAN WAN ^^^^^